Indirect Laryngoscopy Mirror

This mirror is used to examine the larynx in the outpatient using a procedure called indirect laryngoscopy.

How indirect laryngoscopy is done:
 

• The indirect laryngoscopy mirror is warmed to avoid fogging on it.
• The patient is asked to protrude his/her tongue which is then held with a piece of guaze.
• The patient is directed to breathe through his/her mouth.
• The warmed indirect laryngoscopy mirror is then introduced into the oral cavity with the mirror facing downwards. (Check its temperature by touching the back of your hand with it, it should not be hot.)
• The mirror is brought to rest against the uvula but do not touch the posterior pharyngeal wall to avoid setting off the gag reflex.
• Once the laryngeal inlet is visualized, the patient is asked to say ‘eee’ to check the movement of the vocal cords.

Structures seen on indirect laryngoscopy (in order):

• Base of the tongue (posterior one-third of the tongue)
• Vallecula
• Median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
• Epiglottis
• Pharyngoepiglottic folds
• Aryepiglottic folds
• Arytenoids
• False vocal cords
• True vocal cords
• Tracheal rings

Indications for indirect laryngoscopy:

• Examination of the larynx in cases of change in voice
• Examination for dysphagia
• To look for vocal cord mobility prior to thyroid surgery
• To look for the primary in cases of neck metastases

The shaft of the indirect laryngoscopy mirror is straight, a feature which helps differentiate it from the posterior rhinoscopy mirror which has a bent shaft.

More information:

• The mirror is available in 5 sizes, the smallest is 1 and the largest 5.
• Indirect laryngoscopy was first performed by Manuel Garcia, a singer.
• Using flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy is another method of examining the larynx in the OPD.(Read examination of the larynx to learn what other methods can be used to visualize the larynx.)

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Posterior Rhinoscopy Mirror

This instrument is the St. Clair Thompson post-nasal or posterior rhinoscopy mirror.

Uses:

Examination of the post nasal space by a procedure called posterior rhinoscopy, an out-patient procedure.
The mirror is warmed and introduced into the oral cavity while the tongue is depressed with a tongue depressor. The mirror is turned upwards in order to examine the post nasal space.

The shaft of the instrument is bent to achieve a bayonet shape, a feature that helps differentiate it from the indirect laryngoscopy mirror. The mirror is available in 5 sizes.

More Information:

• Posterior rhinoscopy is done to look for lesions in the post nasal space - for example, adenoids, tumours of the nasopharynx, etc.
• Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is the best method to examine this region.
• In small children who may be uncooperative for posterior rhinoscopy or nasal endoscopy, X-ray of the skull, lateral view, may be used to rule out adenoids.

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